Vitamin C

Overview

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for various bodily functions, including the formation of collagen, absorption of iron, and the healing of wounds^[1][2]. Historically, vitamin C has been crucial in preventing scurvy, a disease characterized by fatigue, connective tissue weakness, and poor wound healing^[4]. It is naturally found in citrus fruits, berries, and leafy greens, and is also available as dietary supplements^[3].

Forms and Variations

Vitamin C supplements are available in several forms, including capsules, chewable tablets, and powders. The choice of form often depends on personal preference and specific health needs. For example, chewable tablets may be more suitable for children or those who have difficulty swallowing capsules^[1].

Dosage and Administration

The recommended daily intake of vitamin C varies by age and gender. For adult men, the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) is about 90 mg, while for adult women, it is approximately 75 mg^[1]. Supplements should be taken as directed, typically once daily, and it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider before exceeding the recommended dose^[3].

Scientific Research and Mechanism of Action

Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals, which may contribute to aging and diseases like cancer and heart disease^[2][5]. It is crucial for collagen synthesis and plays a role in immune function and iron absorption^[4]. Ongoing research explores its potential benefits in preventing certain diseases, though results are mixed^[5].

Benefits and Potential Uses

Vitamin C is proven to be essential for preventing scurvy and supporting immune function. It may also help protect against heart disease by preventing the oxidation of LDL cholesterol and maintaining arterial flexibility^[5]. Additionally, vitamin C is involved in wound healing and may reduce the severity of colds when taken regularly^[1].

Side Effects and Risks

Common side effects of high doses of vitamin C include gastrointestinal upset, such as diarrhea and stomach cramps^[1]. Long-term use of high doses can increase the risk of kidney stones^[1]. Pregnant women should not exceed 2,000 mg per day^[3].

Interactions and Precautions

Vitamin C can interact with certain medications, such as blood thinners, and may interfere with medical tests like stool tests for occult blood^[1]. Smokers and individuals with certain medical conditions should consult a healthcare provider before taking supplements^[5].

Impact on Biomarkers

Vitamin C can affect the results of certain medical tests, such as glucose screening tests and stool tests for occult blood^[1]. It may also influence markers of oxidative stress and inflammation^[5].

Overdose and Toxicity

Over-supplementation with vitamin C can lead to gastrointestinal symptoms and, in severe cases, kidney stones. The safe upper limit for adults is generally considered to be 2,000 mg per day^[1].

Disclaimer

The information provided in this document is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. It is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.