Cannabigerol (CBG)

Overview

Cannabigerol (CBG) is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in the cannabis plant, often referred to as the \"mother cannabinoid\" because it is the chemical precursor to many other cannabinoids such as THC, CBD, and CBC. It originates from its acidic form, cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), which undergoes enzymatic and non-enzymatic processes to form CBG and other cannabinoids. Unlike THC, CBG does not produce a high, making it appealing for therapeutic use without intoxication. Traditionally, cannabis has been used for various medicinal purposes, but CBG has only recently gained attention for its potential health benefits, including neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory effects, antibacterial properties, pain management, and possible roles in cancer treatment and metabolic syndrome¹².

Forms and Variations

CBG is available in several forms, including:

• Isolated CBG oil or tinctures: Pure CBG extracted from cannabis plants, often used for targeted therapeutic effects.
• Full-spectrum hemp extracts: Contain CBG along with other cannabinoids and terpenes, potentially offering an entourage effect.
• Semi-synthetic CBG: Produced through chemical processes to increase yield.

Because CBG is typically present in low concentrations in mature cannabis plants, breeders have developed strains high in CBGA to facilitate extraction. The choice of form depends on desired potency, purity, and whether users want the combined effects of multiple cannabinoids or isolated CBG¹⁴.

Dosage and Administration

There is no standardized dosage for CBG due to limited clinical trials, but common recommendations for cannabinoid supplements range from 5 to 50 mg per day depending on individual needs and product concentration. CBG is typically administered orally via oils, tinctures, or capsules, and sometimes inhaled through vaporization. It is best taken consistently, often once or twice daily, with or without food. Consulting a healthcare provider is advised to tailor dosing, especially for those with underlying health conditions or on medications⁴⁵.

Scientific Research and Mechanism of Action

CBG acts primarily by interacting with the body"s endocannabinoid system (ECS), which regulates homeostasis including mood, appetite, pain, and inflammation. It is a weak partial agonist at cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, and also influences other receptors such as 5-HT1a (serotonin receptor) and TRPV channels involved in pain and inflammation signaling. Unlike THC, CBG does not strongly bind to CB1 receptors, so it lacks psychoactive effects. Research has demonstrated CBG"s potential neuroprotective properties, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, and ability to reduce intraocular pressure in glaucoma models. Studies also suggest it may slow cancer cell proliferation and modulate metabolic syndrome factors. However, most evidence is preclinical or from animal models, with human clinical trials still needed to confirm efficacy and safety¹³⁵.

Benefits and Potential Uses

CBG shows promise in several health areas:

• Neuroprotection: Potential benefits in neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington"s, Parkinson"s, and multiple sclerosis.
• Anti-inflammatory and analgesic: May reduce inflammation and pain without intoxication.
• Antibacterial: Exhibits activity against certain bacterial strains.
• Glaucoma: Shown to reduce intraocular pressure, potentially aiding glaucoma treatment.
• Gastrointestinal health: May help inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn"s disease.
• Cancer: Early research indicates it may slow cancer cell growth.

CBG"s ability to modulate the endocannabinoid system and enhance neurotransmitters like anandamide, known as the \"bliss molecule,\" suggests it could improve mood, motivation, appetite, and sleep¹³⁵.

Side Effects and Risks

CBG is generally considered well tolerated with few reported side effects. Because it is non-psychoactive, it does not cause intoxication or euphoria. Some users may experience mild gastrointestinal discomfort or fatigue. Potential risks include interactions with medications metabolized by liver enzymes. Caution is advised for pregnant or breastfeeding women and individuals with severe medical conditions until more safety data is available⁴⁵.

Interactions and Precautions

CBG may interact with medications that are substrates of cytochrome P450 enzymes, potentially altering drug metabolism. It is important to consult healthcare providers before use if taking blood thinners, antidepressants, or other prescription drugs. People with liver disease or those undergoing surgery should exercise caution. Due to limited human studies, pregnant and nursing women should avoid CBG supplementation⁴⁵.

Impact on Biomarkers

CBG may influence biomarkers related to inflammation, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), and oxidative stress markers due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It may also affect intraocular pressure measurements in glaucoma patients. However, specific effects on standard blood tests remain under investigation¹⁵.

Overdose and Toxicity

There is currently no evidence of toxicity or fatal overdose from CBG in humans. High doses have not been well studied, but given its non-intoxicating nature and low receptor affinity, serious adverse effects are unlikely. Safe upper limits have not been established, so cautious dosing and medical supervision are recommended to avoid potential side effects or interactions⁴⁵.

Disclaimer

The information provided in this document is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. It is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.