Nattokinase

Overview

Nattokinase is a potent enzyme derived from natto, a traditional Japanese food made from fermented soybeans using the bacterium Bacillus subtilis^[1][2]. It is primarily known for its fibrinolytic activity, which helps dissolve blood clots and improve blood circulation^[3]. Historically, natto has been consumed in Japan for centuries as a folk remedy for cardiovascular diseases^[3].

Forms and Variations

Nattokinase is available in various forms, including dietary supplements and as part of natto itself. Supplements can be found in capsule or tablet form, often standardized to specific units of fibrinolytic activity (FU). The choice of form depends on personal preference and the desired method of consumption^[2].

Dosage and Administration

The commonly recommended dosage of nattokinase varies, but typical ranges are between 100 to 200 mg per day, which corresponds to about 2,000 to 4,000 FU^[2]. It is best taken with meals to enhance absorption and minimize potential gastrointestinal side effects^[2].

Scientific Research and Mechanism of Action

Nattokinase works by breaking down fibrin, a key component of blood clots, thereby enhancing blood flow and reducing the risk of thrombosis^[1][2]. It also inhibits platelet aggregation and stimulates the production of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), which further aids in clot dissolution^[2]. Research is ongoing to explore its potential benefits in cardiovascular health and neuroprotection^[1].

Benefits and Potential Uses

Nattokinase is primarily used for its cardiovascular benefits, including reducing blood pressure and preventing thrombosis^[3]. It may also have potential in managing conditions like deep vein thrombosis and improving sinus health by reducing nasal polyps^[4]. Additionally, it is being studied for its effects on Alzheimer"s disease due to its ability to degrade amyloid plaques^[1].

Side Effects and Risks

Nattokinase is generally well-tolerated, but it can increase the risk of bleeding, especially when combined with anticoagulant medications^[1][2]. High doses may cause hemorrhage in animal studies, though human trials have shown minimal adverse effects at recommended doses^[2].

Interactions and Precautions

Individuals taking blood thinners should exercise caution when using nattokinase due to the increased risk of bleeding^[1]. Patients with a history of deep vein thrombosis or those undergoing surgery should consult their healthcare provider before starting nattokinase supplementation^[1].

Impact on Biomarkers

Nattokinase can affect blood clotting parameters, such as prolonging prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)^[2]. It may also influence lipid profiles and blood pressure levels^[2].

Overdose and Toxicity

While nattokinase is generally safe at recommended doses, high doses may lead to bleeding risks. There is limited data on toxicity, but caution is advised against excessive intake^[2].

Disclaimer

The information provided in this document is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. It is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.