N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC)

Information

Information

N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC)

Overview

N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) is a derivative of the amino acid cysteine and is widely recognized for its diverse therapeutic applications. Initially introduced as a mucolytic agent, NAC has been used to treat acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose and to help break down mucus in respiratory conditions such as bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)[1][2]. Historically, NAC was first patented in 1960 and came into medical use in 1968[1].

Forms and Variations

NAC is available in several forms, including oral capsules, intravenous solutions, and inhalation solutions. The choice of form depends on the intended use: oral forms are common for dietary supplementation and treating acetaminophen overdose, while inhalation forms are used for respiratory conditions[1][2]. NAC is also marketed as a dietary supplement for its antioxidant properties and liver-protective effects[2].

Dosage and Administration

The dosage of NAC varies based on its use. For acetaminophen overdose, intravenous administration is common, while for dietary supplementation, oral doses typically range from 600 to 1,800 mg per day[5]. It is recommended to consult a healthcare provider for specific dosing instructions.

Scientific Research and Mechanism of Action

NAC serves as a precursor …

N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC)

Overview

N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) is a derivative of the amino acid cysteine and is widely recognized for its diverse therapeutic applications. Initially introduced as a mucolytic agent, NAC has been used to treat acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose and to help break down mucus in respiratory conditions such as bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)[1][2]. Historically, NAC was first patented in 1960 and came into medical use in 1968[1].

Forms and Variations

NAC is available in several forms, including oral capsules, intravenous solutions, and inhalation solutions. The choice of form depends on the intended use: oral forms are common for dietary supplementation and treating acetaminophen overdose, while inhalation forms are used for respiratory conditions[1][2]. NAC is also marketed as a dietary supplement for its antioxidant properties and liver-protective effects[2].

Dosage and Administration

The dosage of NAC varies based on its use. For acetaminophen overdose, intravenous administration is common, while for dietary supplementation, oral doses typically range from 600 to 1,800 mg per day[5]. It is recommended to consult a healthcare provider for specific dosing instructions.

Scientific Research and Mechanism of Action

NAC serves as a precursor to glutathione, a powerful antioxidant that helps protect cells from oxidative stress[4]. It is used to treat acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by replenishing glutathione levels[2]. NAC also acts as a mucolytic agent by reducing disulfide bonds in mucus, making it easier to expel[2]. Research has explored its potential benefits in mental health disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and neuroprotection in Parkinson’s disease[4].

Benefits and Potential Uses

NAC has several proven benefits, including treating acetaminophen overdose and relieving respiratory symptoms by breaking down mucus[1][3]. It is also used for its antioxidant properties, which may help reduce oxidative stress and support immune function[5]. Potential uses include improving fertility in men and supporting cognitive health[4][5].

Side Effects and Risks

Common side effects of NAC include nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal disturbances, especially at higher doses[4][5]. It is generally considered safe but may cause allergic reactions in some individuals[1].

Interactions and Precautions

NAC may interact with certain medications, such as blood thinners, and should be used cautiously in individuals with bleeding disorders[2]. Pregnant women should consult their healthcare provider before using NAC supplements[1].

Impact on Biomarkers

NAC can influence biomarkers related to oxidative stress and liver function by increasing glutathione levels and reducing markers of liver damage[2].

Overdose and Toxicity

While NAC is generally safe, high doses can cause gastrointestinal side effects. There is no established safe upper limit for supplementation, but doses above 1,800 mg per day are not typically recommended without medical supervision[5].

References

  1. Wikipedia contributors. (2023, February 20). Acetylcysteine. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylcysteine
  2. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. (2022, October 21). N-Acetylcysteine. Retrieved from https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/n-acetylcysteine
  3. Mount Sinai. Cysteine Information. Retrieved from https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/supplement/cysteine
  4. Consensus. What Is N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC)? Retrieved from https://consensus.app/home/blog/what-is-n-acetyl-cysteine-nac-other-names-acetyl-cysteine-acetyl-cysteine-acetylcysteine/
  5. Healthline. Top 9 Benefits of NAC (N-Acetyl Cysteine). Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/nac-benefits

Disclaimer

The information provided in this document is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. It is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.

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