Molybdenum

Overview

Molybdenum is a silvery-white transition metal with the atomic number 42 and symbol Mo. It is known for its high melting point and resistance to corrosion, making it a crucial component in steel alloys and superalloys^[1]. Historically, molybdenum was first isolated in 1781 by Peter Jacob Hjelm, following its discovery by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1778^[2]. Molybdenum is essential for various biological processes, including nitrogen fixation in plants and as a cofactor in enzymes^[1].

Forms and Variations

Molybdenum supplements are typically available as sodium molybdate or ammonium molybdate. These forms are chosen for their solubility and bioavailability. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) is another compound, used primarily as a lubricant rather than a dietary supplement^[2].

Dosage and Administration

The recommended dietary intake of molybdenum varies, but typical dietary allowances range from 45 to 120 mcg per day for adults^[3]. Supplements should be taken as directed by a healthcare provider, considering individual nutritional needs and health status.

Scientific Research and Mechanism of Action

Molybdenum acts as a cofactor for enzymes involved in metabolism and nitrogen fixation. It is crucial for the activity of enzymes like sulfite oxidase and xanthine oxidase^[1]. Research highlights its role in reducing oxidative stress and supporting metabolic health^[4].

Benefits and Potential Uses

Molybdenum is essential for enzyme function and metabolic processes. It supports antioxidant defenses and may help in reducing inflammation^[1]. Potential uses include enhancing metabolic health and supporting enzyme activity in various conditions^[4].

Side Effects and Risks

Common side effects of molybdenum supplementation are rare but may include gastrointestinal disturbances. High doses can lead to toxicity, affecting kidney function and causing other adverse effects^[3].

Interactions and Precautions

Molybdenum may interact with certain medications, such as tetracycline antibiotics, by reducing their absorption^[4]. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult healthcare providers before supplementation.

Impact on Biomarkers

Molybdenum supplementation can affect biomarkers related to metabolic health and enzyme activity. It may influence levels of uric acid and other metabolic indicators^[1].

Overdose and Toxicity

Overdose risks include kidney damage and other systemic effects. Safe upper intake levels are generally set at 2 mg per day for adults to avoid toxicity^[3].

Disclaimer

The information provided in this document is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. It is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.