Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

Overview

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced primarily by the adrenal glands, with smaller amounts produced by the ovaries, testes, and brain^[1]. It serves as a precursor to male and female sex hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen^[2]. DHEA levels peak in the mid-20s and decline with age, which has led to its use as a dietary supplement for purported anti-aging benefits, including improving energy, mood, and physical performance^[1].

Forms and Variations

DHEA supplements are available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, powders, creams, and gels^[1]. The most common form is synthetic DHEA, often derived from wild yam precursors, although the body cannot convert these precursors into DHEA on its own^[2]. Topical DHEA creams and gels are used for skin health, while vaginal inserts are prescribed for vaginal atrophy^[3].

Dosage and Administration

The typical dosage of DHEA varies widely, ranging from 25 mg to 200 mg per day^[3]. It is generally recommended to start with lower doses and consult a healthcare provider for personalized advice. DHEA should be taken as directed, and it is crucial to monitor for side effects, especially when using higher doses or for extended periods^[3].

Scientific Research and Mechanism of Action

DHEA works by serving as a precursor to sex hormones, influencing various bodily functions^[2]. Research on DHEA supplements shows mixed results. Some studies suggest benefits for skin health and vaginal atrophy, but evidence for other anti-aging effects is limited^[1]. DHEA may also have potential benefits for depression and metabolic syndrome, though more research is needed^[3].

Benefits and Potential Uses

DHEA has been studied for several potential benefits:

• Vaginal Atrophy: DHEA vaginal inserts are effective in reducing pain during sex in postmenopausal women^[3].
• Aging Skin: Some research indicates that DHEA can improve skin hydration and collagen production^[1].
• Depression: Preliminary evidence suggests DHEA may help alleviate depressive symptoms^[3].
• Metabolic Syndrome: DHEA may help reduce abdominal fat and improve insulin resistance^[5].

Side Effects and Risks

Common side effects of DHEA include acne, hair loss, stomach upset, and high blood pressure^[3]. High doses or prolonged use can increase the risk of side effects, and DHEA may cause masculinization in women^[5].

Interactions and Precautions

DHEA may interact with medications for diabetes and hormone therapy, and it can affect cholesterol levels^[5]. Individuals with certain medical conditions, such as heart disease or hormone-sensitive cancers, should use DHEA with caution and under medical supervision.

Impact on Biomarkers

DHEA supplementation can affect hormone levels, including testosterone and estrogen, and may influence cholesterol profiles, particularly reducing HDL (good) cholesterol^[5].

Overdose and Toxicity

High doses of DHEA can lead to increased side effects such as acne, hair loss, and high blood pressure^[3]. Safe upper limits are generally considered to be below 100 mg per day for short-term use^[3].

Disclaimer

The information provided in this document is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. It is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.