Apigenin

Overview

Apigenin is a flavonoid compound found in various plants, including chamomile, parsley, and artichokes. It is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential anticancer properties^[1][2]. Historically, plants containing apigenin have been used in traditional medicine for their health benefits. Apigenin is classified as a flavone, a subclass of bioflavonoids, which are compounds produced by plants to defend against environmental stressors like UV light and infections^[2].

Forms and Variations

Apigenin is available in various forms, including dietary supplements and extracts from plants like chamomile. It is often found in the more stable derivative form of apigenin-7-O-glucoside in foods and herbs^[3]. The choice of form may depend on the desired health benefits and individual tolerance. For instance, chamomile tea is a popular source of apigenin for its calming effects^[4].

Dosage and Administration

The commonly recommended dosage of apigenin varies, but typical supplements range from 50 mg to several hundred milligrams per day. It is often taken once daily, preferably before sleep to aid in relaxation and sleep quality^[4]. Best practices include consulting with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.

Scientific Research and Mechanism of Action

Apigenin has been studied for its potential health benefits, including its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. It works by inhibiting certain enzymes and signaling pathways involved in inflammation and cancer cell proliferation^[1][3]. Apigenin can induce apoptosis in cancer cells and has been shown to modulate immune responses and hormone regulation^[2][3]. Current research is ongoing to fully understand its mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications.

Benefits and Potential Uses

Apigenin may offer several health benefits, including reducing anxiety and improving sleep quality due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier^[2][3]. It has potential anticancer properties by inducing apoptosis in malignant cells^[1][2]. Additionally, apigenin may help regulate blood sugar levels and support cardiovascular health^[2].

Side Effects and Risks

Generally, apigenin is considered safe when consumed as part of a normal diet. However, high doses (30–100 mg/kg body weight) may cause sedation^[3]. There is limited evidence on long-term side effects, but it is generally well-tolerated. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare provider before using apigenin supplements.

Interactions and Precautions

Apigenin may interact with certain medications, such as blood thinners, due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Individuals with bleeding disorders or those taking anticoagulant medications should exercise caution^[5]. Additionally, apigenin may affect hormone levels, so individuals with hormonal imbalances should consult a healthcare provider before use.

Impact on Biomarkers

Apigenin may influence biomarkers related to inflammation and oxidative stress by reducing levels of inflammatory cytokines and increasing antioxidant activity^[3]. However, specific effects on common blood tests are not well-documented.

Overdose and Toxicity

While apigenin is generally safe, excessive intake can lead to sedation. There is no established safe upper limit for apigenin, but doses exceeding typical dietary intake should be approached with caution. Symptoms of toxicity are not well-documented, but high doses may cause drowsiness^[3].

Disclaimer

The information provided in this document is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. It is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.