Transferrin

Overview

Transferrin is a glycoprotein produced primarily by the liver, playing a crucial role in transporting iron throughout the body^[1]. It binds to iron and carries it to various tissues, including the bone marrow, where it is used for the production of red blood cells^[2]. Tracking transferrin levels is important for assessing iron status, diagnosing conditions like iron deficiency anemia or iron overload disorders, and monitoring liver function^[3].

Scientific Background

Transferrin"s biological function involves regulating iron absorption and transport. Its production is influenced by the body"s iron needs and reserves^[1]. Transferrin levels are inversely related to iron stores; they increase with iron deficiency and decrease with iron overload^[4]. It is also linked to liver health and inflammation, as it is a negative acute phase protein^[4].

Measurement and Testing

Transferrin levels are typically measured through a serum blood test using immunoturbidimetric assays^[1]. Fasting for at least 12 hours is recommended before the test^[2]. Factors affecting results include inflammation, liver disease, and nutritional status^[4].

Reference Ranges

Normal transferrin levels usually range from 200 to 370 mg/dL, though this can vary slightly between laboratories^[4]. Demographic variations are minimal, but liver function and inflammation can impact levels^[4]. Interpretation of results should consider these factors and other iron-related tests like serum iron and ferritin^[2].

High Values

High transferrin levels often indicate iron deficiency, as the body produces more transferrin to increase iron transport^[4]. Conditions such as pregnancy or estrogen therapy can also elevate transferrin levels^[4]. Associated health risks include anemia due to insufficient iron availability^[4].

Low Values

Low transferrin levels are associated with iron overload, liver disease, kidney disorders, and malnutrition^[3]. These conditions impair the body"s ability to transport iron, potentially leading to anemia and related symptoms^[3].

Improving Biomarker Levels

Lifestyle modifications include maintaining a balanced diet rich in iron and protein, managing inflammation, and addressing liver health^[4]. Interventions may involve iron supplementation or treatment for underlying conditions like liver disease^[2]. Supplement considerations should be guided by healthcare professionals to avoid excessive iron intake^[4].

Importance of Tracking

Monitoring transferrin levels helps diagnose and manage iron-related disorders, assess liver function, and guide treatment adjustments^[2]. It provides valuable insights into iron metabolism and storage, aiding in decision-making for healthcare providers^[3].

Disclaimer

The information provided in this document is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. It is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.