Fibrinogen

Overview

Fibrinogen is a crucial protein in the blood plasma, synthesized by the liver, with concentrations typically ranging from 1.5 to 4 g/L in healthy individuals^[1]. It plays a vital role in blood clotting and wound healing by converting into fibrin, which forms the framework of blood clots. Monitoring fibrinogen levels is important for assessing cardiovascular health, inflammation, and coagulation disorders. Elevated levels can indicate inflammation or increased risk of cardiovascular disease, while low levels may suggest bleeding disorders or liver dysfunction.

Scientific Background

Fibrinogen is produced in hepatocytes through the expression of three genes: FGA, FGB, and FGG, which encode the Aα, Bβ, and γ chains, respectively^[1]. Its production is regulated by inflammation-driven acute phase responses, leading to increased levels during injury or infection^[1]. Fibrinogen interacts with other biomarkers like thrombin and plasminogen to maintain hemostasis and prevent excessive bleeding or clotting.

Measurement and Testing

Fibrinogen levels are commonly measured using clotting assays or immunological methods. Factors affecting results include inflammation, liver function, and certain medications. Testing is recommended for individuals with suspected coagulation disorders or cardiovascular risk factors.

Reference Ranges

The standard reference range for fibrinogen is between 1.5 and 4 g/L. Levels can vary slightly based on age, gender, and laboratory methods. Elevated levels may indicate inflammation or cardiovascular risk, while decreased levels could suggest liver disease or bleeding disorders.

High Values

High fibrinogen levels are often associated with inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and cancer^[1]. Elevated levels can increase the risk of thrombosis and atherosclerosis. Symptoms may include increased blood viscosity and clot formation.

Low Values

Low fibrinogen levels can result from liver disease, bleeding disorders, or certain medications. Associated risks include increased bleeding tendency and poor wound healing. Symptoms may include easy bruising or prolonged bleeding after injury.

Improving Biomarker Levels

Lifestyle modifications such as reducing inflammation through diet and exercise can help manage fibrinogen levels. In cases of deficiency, addressing underlying liver issues or coagulation disorders is crucial. Supplements like omega-3 fatty acids may help reduce inflammation, but their impact on fibrinogen is indirect.

Importance of Tracking

Monitoring fibrinogen levels is essential for managing cardiovascular health and coagulation disorders. It helps in early detection of potential risks and guides treatment decisions. Regular tracking can also provide insights into inflammatory conditions and liver function.

Disclaimer

The information provided in this document is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. It is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.