Ferritin

Overview

Ferritin is a protein that stores iron in the body, acting as a key indicator of iron levels. It plays a crucial role in maintaining iron homeostasis, which is essential for various bodily functions, including the production of hemoglobin and energy metabolism^[1]. Tracking ferritin levels is important for diagnosing conditions such as iron deficiency anemia and iron overload, which can lead to serious health issues if not addressed^[3].

Scientific Background

Ferritin is produced by cells throughout the body, with the liver, spleen, and bone marrow being major storage sites^[2]. Its biological function involves storing iron in a non-toxic form and releasing it as needed, thus maintaining a steady supply of iron for metabolic demands^[1]. Ferritin levels are influenced by inflammation and can be elevated in conditions such as infections, liver diseases, and certain cancers^[2].

Measurement and Testing

A ferritin blood test is commonly used to measure the amount of ferritin in the blood, reflecting the body"s iron stores^[3]. Factors such as inflammation and liver disease can affect test results, making it important to interpret them in the context of overall health^[2]. Testing is recommended for individuals with symptoms of iron deficiency or overload, or those with chronic conditions that may impact iron metabolism^[4].

Reference Ranges

Normal ferritin levels vary by gender: typically between 24 and 336 micrograms per liter for men and 11 to 307 micrograms per liter for women^[5]. These ranges can vary slightly depending on the laboratory. Demographic factors such as age and sex influence reference ranges, and interpretation should consider these factors^[5].

High Values

High ferritin levels can indicate iron overload, often seen in conditions like hemochromatosis, or may result from inflammation, liver disease, or certain cancers^[1]. Associated health risks include organ damage from excess iron and increased risk of infections due to inflammation^[3]. Symptoms may include joint pain, fatigue, and skin discoloration^[1].

Low Values

Low ferritin levels typically indicate iron deficiency, which can lead to anemia if severe^[1]. Causes include inadequate dietary intake, chronic blood loss, and poor iron absorption^[1]. Symptoms may include fatigue, shortness of breath, and pale skin^[3].

Improving Biomarker Levels

To improve ferritin levels, dietary modifications such as consuming iron-rich foods (both heme and non-heme sources) and vitamin C to enhance absorption are recommended^[1]. Iron supplements may be necessary under medical supervision to avoid iron overload^[1]. Addressing underlying conditions affecting iron metabolism is also crucial^[3].

Importance of Tracking

Monitoring ferritin levels helps diagnose and manage conditions related to iron metabolism, guiding treatment decisions and preventing complications associated with iron deficiency or overload^[4]. Regular testing is particularly important for individuals with chronic diseases or those undergoing iron supplementation therapy^[3].

Disclaimer

The information provided in this document is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. It is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.