Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-S)

Overview

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) is a steroid hormone produced primarily by the adrenal cortex. It serves as a precursor for the synthesis of more potent sex hormones like testosterone and estrogen. DHEA-S is the most abundant circulating form of DHEA, with levels peaking in early adulthood and declining with age^[1]. Tracking DHEA-S levels is important for diagnosing conditions such as hyperandrogenism and congenital adrenal hyperplasia, as well as understanding its role in aging and metabolic health^[2].

Scientific Background

DHEA-S is hormonally inert but acts as a neurosteroid and neurotrophin, influencing neurotransmitter activity and neurotrophic factors^[1]. It is produced from DHEA through sulfation and circulates in higher concentrations than DHEA. DHEA-S can be converted back to DHEA in certain tissues, which can then be metabolized into more potent hormones^[2]. Its production is regulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and is influenced by various drugs and hormones^[2].

Measurement and Testing

DHEA-S is typically measured in serum using immunoenzymatic assays. Blood samples should be collected in serum gel or red top tubes and centrifuged before testing^[2]. Factors affecting results include drug interactions and hormonal influences, which should be considered when interpreting test results^[2].

Reference Ranges

Reference ranges for DHEA-S vary by age and gender. For adults, typical ranges are: 18-30 years (83-377 mcg/dL), 31-40 years (45-295 mcg/dL), and decreasing with age^[2]. Levels are generally higher in men than women. DHEA-S levels do not show significant diurnal variation^[2].

High Values

Elevated DHEA-S levels can indicate hyperandrogenism or adrenal tumors. High levels may cause symptoms such as acne, hirsutism in women, and mild estrogen excess in men^[2]. Levels above 600 mcg/dL are often associated with androgen-secreting adrenal tumors^[2].

Low Values

Low DHEA-S levels are associated with adrenal insufficiency and may be linked to decreased libido and energy in some individuals^[2]. However, the clinical significance of age-related declines in DHEA-S is unclear, and supplementation benefits are not well established^[1].

Improving Biomarker Levels

Lifestyle modifications such as maintaining a healthy weight and reducing stress may influence DHEA-S levels indirectly. Certain drugs like metformin can increase DHEA-S levels, while others like corticosteroids may decrease them^[2]. DHEA supplementation can raise DHEA-S levels, but its benefits are not well established^[3].

Importance of Tracking

Monitoring DHEA-S levels is crucial for diagnosing and managing conditions related to adrenal function and sex hormone imbalances. It can also provide insights into metabolic health and aging processes^[2]. However, the decision to track DHEA-S should be made in consultation with a healthcare provider, considering individual health needs and risks^[2].

Disclaimer

The information provided in this document is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. It is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.